(Industrialisation)Impact over the rural and agrarian society

Agrarian Changes in India

  1. In 2021–22, income from crop cultivation constituted only 33% of the total average monthly household income, while the remaining 67% was derived from non-farm sources.
  2. The NAFIS (2021–22) report further reveals that while farm income increased over the fi ve-year pe-riod, average monthly household ex-penditure rose by 69%, outpacing the 57% rise in income and resulting in a 12% gap.
  3. Farm-Inputs Cost are now being funded by the Non farm agrarian activities/Income by Farmers Household.
  4. Post Harvest Infrastructure Challenges in Agriculture → Challenges to Environment like Delhi Pollution.

AR Desai

  1. Transformation of agrarian society from subsistence based to market economy.
  2. Transformation followed by the introduction of modern technology.
  3. Abolition of intermediary such as Zamindars and Jagirdars.
  4. Emergence of various associations and institution having linkages with urban, national organisation.
  1. E-commerce has become ; production for global market
  2. State has become a key player in the agriculture sector
  3. Caste based linked production is not happening
  4. Outward oriented to meet the market demand not just local need

Daniel thorner & Amit Bhaduri

'Interlocking’ of land, labour and product markets had produced stagnant agriculture.

*Jen Berman*

Observer the process of depatronization being experienced in the farmers labourers relationship in the village of South Gujarat

T Brass

*Dhanger*