#Sociology #Subaltern #mains25

✅ 1. How were they impacted by social change, dominant values, and institutions?

→ Focus: Structural marginalization

• Caste-based exclusion (e.g. Dalits and temple entry)
• Tribal displacement due to developmental policies
• Gender norms and patriarchy limiting women’s roles
• Institutional neglect (education, land rights, healthcare)

✅ 2. What was their lived experience of these values and institutions?

→ Focus: Everyday experiences, negotiation, and resistance

• Oral histories, local customs, folk narratives
• Silent resistance (e.g. forest dwellers continuing traditional rights)
• Cultural assertion (e.g. Dalit literature, Bhakti movements)

✅ 3. How did their actions and agency contribute to societal transformation?

→ Focus: Subaltern as agents of change

• Movements: Dalit Panthers, Chipko, Self-Help Groups
• Leaders: B.R. Ambedkar, Birsa Munda, Savitribai Phule