Nikhil Menon: Book Planning Democracy

Jhoshi and Little: Low rate of inflation.

Lipton: policies made during this period were urban biased

Mydal: Soft state was the outcome, due to the lack of institution development.

Burdhan: Argue that this model was not able to eradicate the primordial caste and ethnic from social structure

Louis Wirth: size of population, density and its heterogeneity

Urban cultural community( important to note that Louis Wirth belived that communitarian relations will see gradual erosion in urban space): exist in the form of religion, caste and region. That has also led to the process of Gettoisation in urban areas.

Rakesh Mohan: The

Georg Simmel: Blasé attitude

Rakesh Mohan: the process of urbanization and Industrialisation complement each other

Zukin:

Symbolic economy of the city: Public spaces in cities - the streets parks building complexes - tend to face a kind of cultural war between different ethnic and racial minority with there vernacular culture on one hand and the middle class population on the other hand.

Loss of public life of lower class population in cities as the areas are getting privatized by the govt in the name of better management and extracting economic value out of its.

Mohanty: upper caste Hindu more relatives prosperous than OBCs and STs and Scs in urban areas

Shatish Deshpande: He belived that resevation policy alone is not sufficient to end the inequality perpetuated by the caste system in urban India. These are there due to the advantaged gain by the upper caste hindu through there higher education.

Transfer of rural deprivation into urban centres, this has been documented by the Ashwani Deshpande.

• Aparajita Chattopashyay

  Social exchange theory: Only profitable relations are being maintain and stable, so elderly are not profitable and have low economic value.

• Diane Kendall

  "Ageism against older persons is rooted in the assumption that people become unattractive, unintelligent, asexual, unemployable, and mentally incompetent as they grow older" (p. 101). Kendall, Diane. 2006. Sociology in Our Times: The Essentials. 5th ed.

Active capillary force. Dumont

• Mahadevan
  1. Early marriage of women among lower and intermediate caste group.