Difference with Durkhiem

Matrix	Durkhiem	Weber
Subject matter	Social realism	Social action
Methodology	Positivism	Vestihen
Dimensions	Micro	Micro → to Macro
Value	Value facts dichotomy	Value relevance
Level of Generalisation	Universal generalization	Contextual understandings
Explanation extent	Monocusal explanation	Pluralist explanation
	Quantitative methods	Qualitative methods
	No role of individual subjective	Role of subjective
	Social facts	Ideal types
	Deterministic	Non determistictic
	Scientific	Scientific
	Theory in sociology is concrete	Theory in sociology is a Chance not a concrete

✅ Durkheim vs. Weber:

Here’s a structured, direct comparative note on Durkheim vs. Weber: How Their Sociology Depends on Their View of Individual, Society, and Their Relationship, formatted for UPSC and Notion:

✅ Durkheim vs. Weber:

How Their Sociology Depends on Their View of Individual, Society, and Their Relationship

Aspect	Émile Durkheim	Max Weber
View of Society	Society is external, objective, and real.	Society is a product of individual actions and meanings.
View of Individual	Individual is shaped and controlled by society.	Individual is the starting point; action is central.
Relationship Between Society & Individual	Society > Individual: Social facts guide and constrain individual behavior.	Individual → Society: Meaningful individual actions create social structures.
Core Focus	Social facts: customs, norms, institutions.	Social action: subjective meaning behind behavior.
Methodological Approach	Positivism (Objective, Scientific Method).	Interpretivism (Verstehen, empathetic understanding).
Example Concept	Suicide as a social fact influenced by integration/regulation.	Protestant Ethic: Individual values lead to capitalist society.
Metaphor	Society as a body → individual as a cell.	Society as a theatre → individual as an actor.

🔹 Key Theoretical Implications:

Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism:
- Emphasis on order, stability, collective consciousness.
- Individuals fit into pre-existing social roles.
Weber’s Social Action Theory:
- Emphasis on agency, choice, rationality, values.
- Society is dynamic and changes with individuals' interpretations.

✅ Summary Statement for Essay/GS Answers:

“Durkheim saw society as a reality in itself shaping individual actions, while Weber saw society as the outcome of individual actions imbued with subjective meaning. Their sociological frameworks are direct reflections of how they viewed the fundamental relationship between individual and society.”

If you want, I can help you break this into UPSC-style headings like DG_MG_SDGs_CTC_Law or provide short mnemonic keys. Would you like that?