Introduction

Opening remarks

<aside> Mains Argument → Cyclic Theory

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                             Thinkers 

• Oswald spengler
• Arnold Toynbee
• Pitirim Sorokin
• Pareto

• Contemporary relevance of Cyclical Theory

Criticism of Cyclical Theory

Despite their strength, cyclical theories has been criticised on following ground.

1. These theories does not explain why civilization change as they do or different society respond so differently to a challenge.
2. (
3. Does not suit to Indian change.
4. Pareto: → often termed as inadequate in its explanation and lacking empirical methodology as it was based on a limited instance of the circulation of elite in ancient Rome
5. Pareto:→ his conception also ignore the democratic govt in modern time

Conclusion