Got it ✅ Let’s connect Conformity with Reference Group Theory in a structured Notion-compatible format:

Conformity & Reference Group Theory

Reference Group Theory – Basic Idea

• Coined by Herbert Hyman and developed by Robert K. Merton.
• A reference group is the group against which individuals evaluate themselves, guiding their behaviour, attitudes, and aspirations.
• Two types:
  • Normative reference groups → Provide standards of behaviour (e.g., family, religious groups).
  • Comparative reference groups → Provide a benchmark for evaluation and aspiration (e.g., celebrities, professional role models).

Relation between Conformity & Reference Group

• Conformity is shaped by reference groups:
  • Individuals conform to norms of their reference group to gain acceptance, approval, or identity.
  • Peer pressure, professional codes, cultural practices → emerge from reference groups.
• Reference groups create standards of conformity:
  • “What is fashionable,” “what is moral,” or “what is professional” is decided by influential groups.
• Conflict arises when:
  • One’s membership group and reference group have different expectations (e.g., rural youth aspiring to urban lifestyles).

Role in Modern Society

1. Socialisation & Identity Formation

• Conformity to reference groups helps individuals internalise values and build identity (e.g., students adopting campus culture).

2. Consumer Behaviour & Lifestyle Choices

• Reference groups drive consumption patterns (e.g., tech products, fashion, fitness trends).
• Social media influencers act as comparative reference groups, shaping conformity to globalised lifestyles.

3. Political & Social Mobilisation