Got it ✅ Let’s connect Conformity with Reference Group Theory in a structured Notion-compatible format:
Conformity & Reference Group Theory
Reference Group Theory – Basic Idea
- Coined by Herbert Hyman and developed by Robert K. Merton.
- A reference group is the group against which individuals evaluate themselves, guiding their behaviour, attitudes, and aspirations.
- Two types:
- Normative reference groups → Provide standards of behaviour (e.g., family, religious groups).
- Comparative reference groups → Provide a benchmark for evaluation and aspiration (e.g., celebrities, professional role models).
Relation between Conformity & Reference Group
- Conformity is shaped by reference groups:
- Individuals conform to norms of their reference group to gain acceptance, approval, or identity.
- Peer pressure, professional codes, cultural practices → emerge from reference groups.
- Reference groups create standards of conformity:
- “What is fashionable,” “what is moral,” or “what is professional” is decided by influential groups.
- Conflict arises when:
- One’s membership group and reference group have different expectations (e.g., rural youth aspiring to urban lifestyles).
Role in Modern Society
1. Socialisation & Identity Formation
- Conformity to reference groups helps individuals internalise values and build identity (e.g., students adopting campus culture).
2. Consumer Behaviour & Lifestyle Choices
- Reference groups drive consumption patterns (e.g., tech products, fashion, fitness trends).
- Social media influencers act as comparative reference groups, shaping conformity to globalised lifestyles.
3. Political & Social Mobilisation