Got you 👍

You’re basically asking for key principles / phases / core ideas that shaped Environmental Ethics—the kind you can name-drop + briefly explain in answers. I’ll keep it UPSC-ready, concept-centric, and Notion-friendly.

🌱 Major Principles / Ideas in Environmental Ethics

1. Intrinsic Value of Nature

• Nature has value in itself, independent of human use.
• Forests, rivers, animals deserve moral consideration even if they don’t benefit humans.
• Associated with Deep Ecology (Arne Naess).

2. Instrumental (Utilitarian) Value of Environment

• Environment is valuable because it serves human needs.
• Dominant in early development discourse.
• Leads to over-exploitation if unchecked.

3. Tragedy of the Commons (Garrett Hardin)

• Shared resources get overused due to individual self-interest.
• Example: overgrazing, overfishing, groundwater depletion.
• Highlights need for regulation, community management, or ethics.

4. Stewardship Principle