Below is a UPSC-ready, Notion-compatible answer, keeping your DG_MG_SDGs_CTC_Law framework in mind and without condensing any idea arbitrarily.

Agrarian Social Structure & Mode of Production in India

Understanding their Intricate Relationship

1. Conceptual Clarification

Agrarian Social Structure

• Refers to the pattern of social relations in rural society structured around:
  • Land ownership
  • Control over labour
  • Caste hierarchy
  • Tenurial relations
  • Power and authority in villages

📌 Key sociological insight: Agrarian structure is not merely economic; it is socially embedded.

Mode of Production

• A Marxian concept referring to the unity of:
  • Forces of production (land, technology, labour, tools)
  • Relations of production (ownership, control, exploitation)

📌 In India, the agrarian mode of production has been plural, layered, and historically hybrid, not a pure capitalist or feudal form.

2. Historical Formation of Agrarian Structure & Mode of Production

Pre-Colonial India

• Mode of production: Semi-feudal / Asiatic (debated)
• Agrarian structure:
  • Caste-based division of labour
  • Jajmani system (reciprocal but hierarchical)
  • Community control over land (village commons)

🔗 Relationship:

• Social hierarchy (caste) regulated access to land and labour