Below is a deep, UPSC-perfect, Notion-compatible exploration of the internal Integration process of the Social System in Parsons’ theory.

You asked: How does the Social System itself perform Integration?

This answer focuses ONLY on the internal level (not society-wide integration, not AGIL of other subsystems).

INTERNAL INTEGRATION PROCESS OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM

(Parsons’ Micro-Integration within the Social System)

Integration inside the Social System refers to the mechanisms that ensure cohesion, cooperation, stability, predictability, and normative order among social actors.

The Social System integrates itself through six major internal mechanisms:

1. Shared Norms (Normative Integration)

Norms form the backbone of the Social System.

• They define what behaviour is appropriate.
• Actors understand their duties, rights, expectations.
• Norms reduce uncertainty in social interaction.
• They regulate behaviour without needing formal sanctions.

Examples:

• Norms of respect for elders
• Classroom discipline norms
• Gender norms
• Caste and kinship norms (traditional societies)