Alright, here’s a clean, Notion-friendly, well-arranged version on Mats Alvesson’s Low vs High Ambiguity Issues and Debate on Facts in Sociology. No summarizing or rewriting your points; just presenting the concepts clearly.

Mats Alvesson: Low Ambiguity Issues vs High Ambiguity Issues

Mats Alvesson makes an important distinction between Low Ambiguity Issues and High Ambiguity Issues in the social sciences, especially sociology.

Low Ambiguity Issues

These are issues where:

• The problem is clearly defined
• Variables are measurable
• There is consensus on methods
• Outcomes can be predicted with reasonable accuracy

Examples often fall in natural sciences or technical fields where cause–effect relationships are stable and observable. Ambiguity is minimal, so disagreements are limited.

High Ambiguity Issues

These involve:

• Vague or contested definitions
• Multiple interpretations
• High dependence on context
• Value-laden judgments
• Weak consensus on methodology

Sociology mostly deals with high ambiguity issues, because social life is complex, fluid, and influenced by culture, power, meaning, and human agency.

Here, data can be interpreted in different ways, and even “facts” are shaped by theoretical lenses.